Форумът на Thorn

Thorn написа: ↑22 Юни 2023, 21:53

avtohton.org написа: ↑07 Юни 2023, 13:32 Освен това по онова време чисти номади като начин на живот не са и намерени, земеделие е имало и на север от Черно Море

Я за това дай някакви подробности

The conclusion seems inescapable. Leaving aside Jordanes’ mention of the Altziagiri, no 6th-century author dealing with the steppe lands north of the Black Sea mentions anything about nomadism. Jordanes, on the other hand, mentions a seasonal movement between the steppe lands and the seashore in relation to a group, the Altziagiri, which is not mentioned in any other source. The Altziagiri are specifically mentioned in relation to Cherson and other authors make the same association between Huns and Roman cities on the coast. What then was the basis for treating the northern neighbors of the Empire as nomads? Why are historians so interested in perpetuating an ethnographic stereotype ultimately derived from Herodotus’ description of the Scythians?

The Scythians are frequently presented, in popular and academic thought alike, as highly mobile warrior nomads who posed a great economic risk to growing Mediterranean empires from the Iron Age into the Classical period. Archaeological studies provide evidence of first millennium BCE urbanism in the steppe while historical texts reference steppe agriculture, challenging traditional characterizations of Scythians as nomads. However, there have been few direct studies of the diet and mobility of populations living in the Pontic steppe and forest-steppe during the Scythian era. Here, we analyse strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data from human tooth enamel samples, as well as nitrogen and carbon isotope data of bone collagen, at several Iron Age sites across Ukraine commonly associated with ‘Scythian’ era communities. Our multi-isotopic approach demonstrates generally low levels of human mobility in the vicinity of urban locales, where populations engaged in agro-pastoralism focused primarily on millet agriculture. Some individuals show evidence for long-distance mobility, likely associated with significant inter-regional connections. We argue that this pattern supports economic diversity of urban locales and complex trading networks, rather than a homogeneous nomadic population.

‘Nomadic Warrior People of Scythia’ Is a Myth, Archaeologists Discover написа: Isotope analysis of Scythian remains, which can indicate dietary habits and geographic mobility, found oddly high signals of millet, some other grains and generally low levels of mobility. They may have invented an advanced, deadlier bow and arrow, as the British Museum explains – but not only have Scythian settlements been found, some were big enough to be considered urban or proto-urban, Ventresca Miller tells Haaretz.

...

“In Ukraine, there were huge Scythian settlements, urban or proto-urban with surrounding walls. It’s very clear we have big populations living at these places,” she says. Asked about the determination that the settlements were Scythian, she notes: “They were in the right epoch; they have the right cultural motifs to be Scythian; and burial mounds that are Scythian-like.”

...

That they were farming is not – despite the prevalent narrative of the nomadic Scythian warriors – surprising, she says. But even she was surprised at how much millet they ate. “I thought we’d find they were agropastoralists: lots of livestock like sheep and goats and cattle, and then probably some grains as well, but the amount of millet for some individuals was surprising.”